ANSIAWC NDS2015 National Design Specification NDS for Wood Construction was approved as an ANSI American National Standard on September 30, 2014. Etymology. Construction is a general term meaning the art and science to form objects, systems, or organizations, and comes from Latin constructionem from com. Amazing-Free-Visiting-Card-Design-Software-17-About-Remodel-Modern-Construction-Logos-with-Free-Visiting-Card-Design-Software.jpg' alt='Construction Design Software Free Download' title='Construction Design Software Free Download' />Construction Wikipedia. Construction site and equipment prepared for start of work in Cologne, Germany 2. Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure. Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing typically involves mass production of similar items without a designated purchaser, while construction typically takes place on location for a known client. Construction as an industry comprises six to nine percent of the gross domestic product of developed countries. Construction starts with planning, design, and financing and continues until the project is built and ready for use. Large scale construction requires collaboration across multiple disciplines. An architect normally manages the job, and a construction manager, design engineer, construction engineer or project manager supervises it. Those involved with the design and execution must consider zoning requirements, environmental impact of the job, scheduling, budgeting, construction site safety, availability and transportation of building materials, logistics, inconvenience to the public caused by construction delays and bidding. Large construction projects are sometimes referred to as megaprojects. EtymologyeditConstruction is a general term meaning the art and science to form objects, systems, or organizations,4 and comes from Latin constructionem from com together and struere to pile up and Old French construction. Construction is used as a verb the act of building, and a noun how a building was built, the nature of its structure. Types of constructionedit. Military residential unit construction by U. S. Navy personnel in Afghanistan. In general, there are three sectors of construction buildings, infrastructure and industrial. Building construction is usually further divided into residential and non residential commercialinstitutional. Infrastructure is often called heavy civil or heavy engineering that includes large public works, dams, bridges, highways, railways, water or wastewater and utility distribution. Industrial construction includes refineries, process chemical, power generation, mills and manufacturing plants. There are also other ways to break the industry into sectors or markets. Industry sectorseditEngineering News Record ENR, a trade magazine for the construction industry, each year compiles and reports data about the size of design and construction companies. In 2. 01. 4, ENR compiled the data in nine market segments divided as transportation, petroleum, buildings, power, industrial, water, manufacturing, sewerwaste, telecom, hazardous waste and a tenth category for other projects. In their reporting, they used data on transportation, sewer, hazardous waste and water to rank firms as heavy contractors. The Standard Industrial Classification and the newer North American Industry Classification System have a classification system for companies that perform or engage in construction. To recognize the differences of companies in this sector, it is divided into three subsectors building construction, heavy and civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contractors. The Cadence OrCAD product line provides affordable, highperformance PCB design tools that boost productivity for smaller design teams and individual PCB designers. Download the architecture, engineering and construction software solutions for a 30day trial and then decide the subscription plan that suits your needs. There are also categories for construction service firms e. Building constructioneditBuilding construction is the process of adding structure to real property or construction of buildings. The majority of building construction jobs are small renovations, such as addition of a room, or renovation of a bathroom. Often, the owner of the property acts as laborer, paymaster, and design team for the entire project. Email Tracker Online. Although building construction projects consist of common elements such as design, financial, estimating and legal considerations, projects of varying sizes may reach undesirable end results, such as structural collapse, cost overruns, andor litigation. Find and compare Construction Estimating software. Free, interactive tool to quickly narrow your choices and contact multiple vendors. For this reason, those with experience in the field make detailed plans and maintain careful oversight during the project to ensure a positive outcome. Commercial building construction is procured privately or publicly utilizing various delivery methodologies, including cost estimating, hard bid, negotiated price, traditional, management contracting, construction management at risk, design build and design build bridging. Residential construction practices, technologies, and resources must conform to local building authority regulations and codes of practice. Materials readily available in the area generally dictate the construction materials used e. Cost of construction on a per square meter or per square foot basis for houses can vary dramatically based on site conditions, local regulations, economies of scale custom designed homes are often more expensive to build and the availability of skilled tradespeople. Residential construction as well as other types of construction can generate waste such that planning is required. According to Mc. Kinsey research, productivity growth per worker in construction has lagged behind many other industries across different countries including in the United States and in European countries. In the United States, construction productivity per worker has declined by half since the 1. The most popular method of residential construction in North America is wood framed construction. Typical construction steps for a single family or small multi family house are Obtain an engineered soil test of lot where construction is planned. Develop floor plans and obtain a materials list for estimations more recently performed with estimating softwareObtain structural engineered plans for foundation soil test report obtained earlier will be used by engineer to design foundation, floor plan, floor if two story. Obtain lot survey. Obtain government building approval if necessary. If required obtain approval from HOA homeowners association or ARC architectural review committeeClear the building site demolition of existing home if necessarySurvey to stake out for the foundation. Excavate the foundation and dig footers Scope of work is dependent of foundation designed by engineerInstall plumbing grounds. Pour a foundation and footers with concrete. Build the main load bearing structure out of thick pieces of wood and possibly metal I beams for large spans with few supports. See framing constructionAdd floor and ceiling joists and install subfloor panels. Cover outer walls and roof in OSB or plywood and a water resistive barrier. Install roof shingles or other covering for flat roof. Cover the walls with siding, typically vinyl, wood, or brick veneer but possibly stone or other materials. Install windows. Frame interior walls with wooden 2x. Add internal plumbing, HVAC, electrical, and natural gas utilities. Building inspector visits if necessary to approve utilities and framing. Install insulation and interior drywall panels cementboard for wet areas and to complete walls and ceilings. Install bathroom fixtures. Spackle, prime, and paint interior walls and ceilings. Additional tiling on top of cementboard for wet areas, such as the bathroom and kitchen backsplash. Installation of final floor covering, such as floor tile, carpet, or wood flooring. Installation of major appliances. Unless the original owners are building the house, at this point it is typically sold or rented. New construction techniques and sustainabilityeditAs efficiency codes have come into effect in recent years, new construction technologies and methods have emerged.